Cities and the Environment: Approaches for Eco-Societies

Cities focus human creativity, culture, and industry, and offer welfare and livelihood opportunities for billions of people worldwide. If demographic projections are borne out, cities will also be the focus of a global population explosion-- particularly in developing countries--that will increasingly reflect common lifestyle experiences for humankind. While these experiences are often positive, burgeoning urban communities will face critical challenges in coming decades. Environmental problems are particularly threatening: cities are a burden upon natural resources and pollute the air and water; development destroys the natural environment surrounding cities; and cities present enormous demands for housing, transportation, water management, and sewage systems that in many cases are not met. Urban environmental challenges threaten the lives of millions, and as urban populations increase, these difficulties will escalate. The goal of eco-societies is to manage or reverse these problems and make cities safe ...